Misinformation is false information shared without the intent to harm, while disinformation is deliberately false information spread to deceive, manipulate, or harm individuals or organizations.

Misinformation and disinformation campaigns against the judiciary are troublesome because judicial officers are often bound by ethical standards that prevent them from easily responding to fake news, misleading statements, or unjust criticism.

Consequently, the proponents of false information are given a platform, while the judiciary or targeted judges have little opportunity to present accurate information.

Those who irresponsibly create or support disinformation campaigns not only disregard the limits of First Amendment protections regarding free speech, but their defamatory content can also pose significant security risks for the targets of their attacks.